Children in need special (Heward)
is a child with a different special karakterisikwith children in General
without always showing at the inability of the mental, emotional and physical.
The categories include children in need special includes:blind, deaf, mental retardation, learning
difficulties,behavioural disorders, children are gifted and children with
health disorders.Another term for children who have special needs is tremendous
and childdisabled child. Because of the characteristics and barriers that are
owned,
Children in need of special education services
require specially tailored to theirabilities and potential, for example, for
people with Visual impairment they require modification of the text of the
readings become deaf and Braille writing to communicate using sign
language.Children in need special usually attended at School children in need
of special ini in indonesia shortened to accordingly with their respectively. Class
section A for child with blindness, class part B for the deaf, class part C for
child with paralysis, class part E for dual disability
1.Visual impairment
Who are blind are individuals who
have obstacles in their vision. the blind can be classified into two classes,
namely: total blind (Blind) and low vision. Definition of Visual impairment
according to Kaufman and Kallahan is individuals who have low vision or vision
accuracy less than 6/60 after corrected or no longer has avision. Because the
visually impaired have limitation in the sense of sight and the process of
learning emphasises the sensory tools that other senses of hearing and touch
senses.
Therefore the principles that
must be considered in providing instruction to individuals who are blind are
the medium used must be tactual and voiced, e.g.braille, writing is the use of
pictures objects arise, models and real objects. While the media voiced is the
tape recorder and the JAWS software. To help visually impaired activity in
their extraordinary school learn about orientation and mobility. Orientation
and mobility among the blind learn how knowing the place and direction as well
as how to use a white cane (visually impaired special sticks that are made of
aluminum)
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2. Deaf
Individuals who are deaf has
hurdle in hearing both permanent and not permanent. Classification based on the
level of hearing loss deaf is: very mild hearing loss (27-40dB), mild hearing
loss (41-55dB), moderate hearing loss (56-70dB), severe hearing loss (71-90dB),
extreme hearing loss/Deafness (91dBabove).
Because it has barriers in
hearing deaf individuals have a hitch in the talks so that they are commonly
called speech delay. How to communicate with individuals using sign language,
for the finger alphabet has been patented internationally and to sign language
is different in each country. currently some schools total communication is
being developed that is how communicate with verbal language, involving sign
language and body language. Deaf individuals tend to be the difficulty in
understanding the concept of something abstract.
3. Mental retardation
Mental retardation is an
individual who has significant intelligence was under average and accompanied
by the inability of the adaptation behavior that arises in the course of
development. classification of mental retardation based on IQ levels. Mild
mental retardation (IQ: 51-70), moderate mental retardation (IQ: 36-51), severe
mental retardation (IQ: 20-35), a very heavy mental retardation (IQ below 20).
Learning for the individual mental retardation is more focused at the point on
the ability of self development and socialization.
Children with special needs is
the child who significantly encountered disorders (physical, mental-emotional,
social, intellectual) in the process of development in comparison with other
kids his age so that they require special education services. Thus, even if a
child is experiencing certain abnormalities, but these are not significant
abnormalities so they do not need special education services, the child not
including children with special needs. There are various types of children with
special needs, one that is mental retardation. Mental retardation is the child
who suffered significantly retarded mental development barriers and far below
the average in such a way that they are experiencing difficulty in academic
assignments, communication as well as social, and therefore require special
education services.
4. Disability
Disability is an individual who
has impaired movements caused by abnormalities of neuro-muscular and bone structure
that is innate, illness or as a result of the accident, including the celebral
palsy, amputation, polio, and lame. The level of disturbance on disability is a
lightweight that has limitations in performing physical activity can still be
improved through therapy, moderate has limitations and motor coordination
disorder of sensory experience, which has limited weight in total physical
movement and is not capable of controlling physical movement.
5. learning difficulties
Learning difficulties are
individuals who have the disorder in one or more of the basic psychological
ability that includes understanding and use of language,speaking and writing
that can affect your ability to think, read, berhiung, talk caused by disruption
of perception, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction,developmental aphasia
and dislexia. individual learning difficulties has the IQ of the average or
above average, experience a disruption of motor, perceptual-motor impaired
coordination, impaired motion direction and orientation of the space and the
concept of developmental delay.
